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1.內(nèi)容提要 本書研究回顧了國內(nèi)外關(guān)于湖泊漁文化、江河漁文化、海洋漁文化的保護與利用研究成果，對國內(nèi)外漁文化生態(tài)相關(guān)保護實踐進行剖析與對比研究，以洪澤湖漁文化生態(tài)保護實驗區(qū)為研究案例，系統(tǒng)梳理漁文化生態(tài)保護區(qū)內(nèi)非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)資源，劃定文化核心區(qū)、文化傳播區(qū)、文化影響區(qū)和文化傳播路線，確定漁文化的展示、傳承、傳播的重點區(qū)域和文化空間，有針對性地提出保護方式與保護措施，指出漁文化合理利用方式，探索漁文化生態(tài)保護區(qū)限制性開發(fā)措施，保護水鄉(xiāng)、漁村和船塘。 本書可供從事城鄉(xiāng)規(guī)劃、文化遺產(chǎn)保護等人員使用，亦可供相關(guān)高等院校師生閱讀和參考。 2.前言 漁文化是指在漁業(yè)生產(chǎn)、漁民生活中形成的具有傳承性的物質(zhì)和精神成果，漁文化是人類文化的重要組成部分，是人類最早的生活和生產(chǎn)活動。漁文化是農(nóng)耕文化的一種，它是漁民在長期的漁業(yè)生產(chǎn)活動中創(chuàng)造出來的活態(tài)傳承的非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)、物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)的總和。中國是世界上淡水總面積最大的國家之一，也是世界上淡水漁業(yè)最發(fā)達的國家之一。漁業(yè)在中國農(nóng)耕文明中有著重要地位，創(chuàng)造了豐富燦爛的漁文化，涉及文學、藝術(shù)、飲食、環(huán)境、宗教、哲學等多個領域。隨著工業(yè)化進程的不斷加快，大量水域遭到污染和填埋，傳統(tǒng)漁文化賴以生存的環(huán)境受到威脅，目前生活在漁區(qū)的漁民、船民、草民越來越少，漁獵用具、生活器具遠離了他們過去的生活常態(tài)，傳統(tǒng)漁文化瀕臨散失和消亡。設立漁文化生態(tài)保護區(qū)、探尋科學的保護理論與方法刻不容緩。漁文化生態(tài)保護區(qū)是對具有重要價值和鮮明特色的漁文化生態(tài)進行整體保護、活態(tài)傳承的特定區(qū)域。 研究以城市規(guī)劃學為主，結(jié)合漁文化生態(tài)學、漁文化遺產(chǎn)學、漁文化景觀學、漁文化地理學等眾多學科理論，回顧了國內(nèi)外關(guān)于湖泊漁文化、江河漁文化、海洋漁文化的保護研究成果，對國內(nèi)外漁文化生態(tài)相關(guān)保護實踐進行剖析與對比研究，總結(jié)成功經(jīng)驗，以洪澤湖漁文化為實證，結(jié)合國內(nèi)外漁文化保護的成功經(jīng)驗，探索保護漁文化生態(tài)保護的路徑和方法，給洪澤湖漁文化生態(tài)保護實驗區(qū)的實踐提供借鑒。 第一，普查和整理，征集、收集、整理有代表性非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)實物及資料，完善漁文化生態(tài)保護區(qū)范圍內(nèi)的國家、省、市、縣四級非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)名錄體系，完善四級名錄項目代表性傳承人認定體系，建立漁文化數(shù)據(jù)庫。第二，判定特色，系統(tǒng)梳理漁文化生態(tài)保護區(qū)內(nèi)非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)資源，對漁文化生態(tài)保護區(qū)內(nèi)非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)的類型、分布和發(fā)展脈絡進行研究，找出鮮明的地域文化特色。第三，確定保護格局，根據(jù)漁文化遺產(chǎn)項目數(shù)量及等級、分布密度、存續(xù)現(xiàn)狀等，采用數(shù)理模型和聚類分析法，劃定文化核心區(qū)、文化傳播區(qū)、文化影響區(qū)和文化傳播路線，確定漁文化的展示、傳承、傳播的重點區(qū)域和文化空間。第四，分類保護，針對不同類型的漁文化遺產(chǎn)名錄特點與不同階段的工作目標，因地制宜，分別提出搶救性保護、群體性保護、生產(chǎn)性保護、整體性保護的分類保護方式。第五，合理利用，促進漁文化生態(tài)保護區(qū)文化產(chǎn)業(yè)、文化旅游發(fā)展，實現(xiàn)活態(tài)傳承。第六，保護文化生態(tài)環(huán)境，提出漁文化生態(tài)保護區(qū)限制性開發(fā)措施，保護水鄉(xiāng)、漁村和船塘。 PrefacePreface Fishing culture refers to the material and spiritual heritage of
the Fishery production and the life of fishermen. Fishing culture
is an important part of human culture. It is the earliest human
life and production activities, and it is also one of the earliest
nations industry.Fishing culture is one kind of farming culture.
It is a material cultural which is created by the fishermen in the
longterm fishery production activities.It has features of
circulate and inheritance, and the total sum of the results of
nonmaterial cultural and institutional culture. China has rich
freshwater resources and is one of the most developed freshwater
fishery countries in the world.Fisheries have an important position
in China agricultural civilization. It creates a rich and splendid
culture and fisheries, involving many fields of literature, art,
food, the environment, religion and philosophy.With the accelerated
process of industrialization, a large number of waters are faced
with landfill and contaminated.Traditional fishing culture survival
is threatened.The number of fishermen who living in fishing is
reducing.The hunting and fishing equipment are far away from the
appliance of their past normal life. The tradition fishing culture
is on the verge of extinction and loss. The act of the
establishment of Fishing Culturally Ecological Reserve, and the
explorationon the scientificuse of theories and methods of
protection can’t be waited.Fishing Culturally Ecological Reserve is
a great value and distinctive features region for Overall
protection and Living Transmission fishing culture. This study is based on urban planning, and combined with the theory
of many disciplines fishing cultural ecology, cultural heritage,
fisheries science, fishing culture landscape, fishing culture and
geography.We review research results of the fishing culture on
lakes, rivers, marine fishing culture protection and
utilization,analysis and comparative of relevant protection of
cultural and ecological fishing practice which is studied
internationally, and summed up the successful experience.What we
have done is to provide the theory of ecological protection
foundation for the practice of Hongze Lake Fishing Culturally
Ecological Reserve and to enrich and improve the cultural and
ecological protection and fishing practice system. Taking as
evidence, Hongze Lake fishing culture combines with the
successfully international experience of fishing and cultural
protection to explore the cultural and ecological protection, and
fisheries protection path and method. It has an important research
value and practical significance. First of all, we survey and organize, collect and collate
representative intangible cultural heritage and information, to
improve the four level, including the state, province, city and
country, nonmaterial cultural heritage system within the fishing
cultural ecological protection zone. We should improve four List
project representative successors identified system, the
establishment of fishing culture database.Secondly, we determine
the unique characteristic of the fishing culture. Within the
fishing cultural ecological protection zone, we systematically
arrange the intangible cultural heritage resources, investigating
the type, distribution and development of the intangible cultural
heritage, and then find out the distinctive characteristics of
regional cultures. Thirdly, we determine the protection pattern.
According to the number, grade, distribution density, and current
situation of the fishing cultural heritage project, the cultural
core area, the cultural dissemination area, the cultural influence
area, and the route of the cultural transmission are delineated by
using mathematical model and cluster analysis method. And the key
areas and cultural space of the display, inheritance and
dissemination of the fishing culture are determined. Fourthly, we
need classified protection. According to the characteristics of
different types of cultural heritage list, the objectives of
different stages and local condition, we need propose the rescue
protection, group protection, productive protection, and the
overall protection for the classified
protection,respectively.Fifthly, we need rationally use and promote
the cultural and ecological protection zone fishing industry and
cultural tourism development to achieve Living
Transmission.Finally, we need protect cultural and ecological
environment and propose fishing culture developing to measures for
the fishing culture ecological protection areas to protect rivers
and lakes, fishing villages and boat ponds. 3.目錄 1研究背景與意義1 1.1研究背景1 1.2研究意義2 1.2.1漁文化對中國發(fā)展的重要意義2 1.2.2洪澤湖漁文化生態(tài)保護實驗區(qū)設立的重要意義3 2研究框架6 2.1概念解析6 2.1.1漁文化6 2.1.2海洋漁文化6 2.1.3湖泊漁文化7 2.1.4江河漁文化7 2.1.5漁文化生態(tài)保護區(qū)8 2.1.6洪澤湖漁文化生態(tài)保護實驗區(qū)8 2.2研究對象8 2.3理論基礎9 2.3.1漁文化生態(tài)學理論9 2.3.2漁文化遺產(chǎn)學理論10 2.3.3漁文化景觀學理論11 2.3.4漁文化地理學理論12 2.4總體思路13 2.4.1研究思路13 2.4.2保護原則13 2.4.3研究目標14 2.4.4主要任務14 2.5研究方法及技術(shù)路線15 2.5.1研究方法15 2.5.2技術(shù)路線15 3國內(nèi)外研究進展17 3.1國外漁文化研究進展17 3.1.1漁業(yè)生產(chǎn)文化17 3.1.2漁家生活文化20 3.1.3漁村營建文化23 3.2國內(nèi)漁文化研究進展23 3.2.1漁業(yè)生產(chǎn)文化23 3.2.2漁家生活文化25 3.3.3漁村營建文化27 4國內(nèi)外漁文化保護相關(guān)案例借鑒29 4.1湖泊漁文化29 4.1.1鄱陽湖29 4.1.2洞庭湖32 4.1.3太湖35 4.1.4巢湖39 4.1.5邵伯湖40 4.1.6北美五大湖42 4.1.7貝加爾湖47 4.2江河漁文化48 4.2.1長江48 4.2.2黃河50 4.2.3珠江52 4.2.4黑龍江、松花江和烏蘇里江54 4.3海洋漁文化58 4.3.1東海58 4.3.2渤海62 4.3.3南海66 4.3.4黃海72 4.4案例與借鑒啟示75 4.4.1案例總結(jié)與評析75 4.4.2案例借鑒與啟示76 5文化生態(tài)資源與文化生態(tài)分析77 5.1地理與歷史文化77 5.1.1地理環(huán)境77 5.1.2歷史沿革81 5.1.3漁民漁業(yè)情況82 5.2遺產(chǎn)現(xiàn)狀分析85 5.2.1非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)85 5.2.2物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)130 5.3特點與價值評估150 5.3.1文化生態(tài)特點150 5.3.2非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)存續(xù)現(xiàn)狀概括154 5.3.3價值評估155 6保護對象與保護內(nèi)容166 6.1縣（區(qū)）級以上非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)名錄項目是重要保護項目166 6.1.1漁家生活文化166 6.1.2漁業(yè)生產(chǎn)文化167 6.1.3治水文化168 6.2非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)代表性傳承人是主要保護對象168 6.2.1漁家生活文化169 6.2.2漁業(yè)生產(chǎn)文化170 6.2.3治水文化170 6.3文化生態(tài)空間是保護工作的重要組成部分171 6.3.1水域171 6.3.2風景區(qū)173 6.3.3建構(gòu)筑物177 6.3.4水鄉(xiāng)、漁村與船塘178 7保護范圍與重點區(qū)域180 7.1建立評價體系180 7.1.1基本因子分析180 7.1.2評價指標體系181 7.1.3評價模型181 7.2確定保護格局183 7.2.1聚類分析183 7.2.2保護格局確定183 8重點保護區(qū)域185 8.1洪澤湖漁文化保護范圍185 8.1.1洪澤湖大堤連接的四鎮(zhèn)（街道）是洪澤湖漁文化核心區(qū)185 8.1.2洪澤區(qū)區(qū)域是洪澤湖漁文化傳播區(qū)185 8.1.3洪澤湖及周邊縣域是洪澤湖漁文化影響區(qū)185 8.2保護區(qū)內(nèi)保護格局186 8.2.1核心區(qū)186 8.2.2文化線路188 8.2.3文化節(jié)點191 8.3重點項目194 8.3.1十個展示基地194 8.3.2十二個傳習所195 8.3.3三十八個重點項目197 9保護方式與保護措施199 9.1保護方式199 9.1.1搶救性保護199 9.1.2群體性保護199 9.1.3生產(chǎn)性保護200 9.1.4整體性保護200 9.2保護措施203 9.2.1保存203 9.2.2傳承205 9.2.3傳播207 10合理利用209 10.1與文化產(chǎn)業(yè)相結(jié)合209 10.1.1生產(chǎn)性保護利用209 10.1.2漁文化創(chuàng)意產(chǎn)業(yè)211 10.2與文化旅游相結(jié)合212 10.2.1文化旅游主題212 10.2.2文化旅游路線213 10.2.3非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)體驗區(qū)214 10.2.4漁文化體驗園215 10.3與節(jié)慶活動相結(jié)合220 10.3.1與傳統(tǒng)節(jié)慶相結(jié)合220 10.3.2與現(xiàn)代節(jié)慶相結(jié)合221 11文化生態(tài)保護與環(huán)境整治223 11.1生態(tài)環(huán)境保護223 11.2生態(tài)空間環(huán)境整治223 11.2.1綠化美化223 11.2.2水鄉(xiāng)、漁村和船塘整治224 11.3標識系統(tǒng)規(guī)劃231 11.3.1標識系統(tǒng)設置231 11.3.2小品設置233 12結(jié)論與討論235 12.1主要研究結(jié)論235 12.2不足與展望235 參考文獻236 后記239 |
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